The Bijou Theater

 

All the buildings here depicted (north side of the 100 block of W. Main) are gone now save for the white building at the far end of the block, now a bank. In their place is a city owned parking building built in the 1980s.

Unfortunately, we have not thus far been able to find a contemporaneous photo of the Bijou Theater.  (This picture appears to have been taken about 1950, long after the demise of the Bijou.)   The Bijou was located until at least 1921 at 110 W. Main, which is the white building just to the left of the “New Mint” bar in the photo above.

The Bijou, which showed motion pictures with live musical accompaniment, is notable for the fact that its owner was charged in 1909 with operating a theater on Sunday.  Found guilty in district court, the owner appealed, and in 1910 the Montana Supreme Court reversed his conviction.  The court held that, regardless of whether a movie house is referred to as a “theater”, the showing of a motion picture is not of the same class of performance as that sought to be prohibited by a statute barring theaters from opening on Sundays.  State v. Penny, 42 Mont. 118 (1910).  It is interesting to note that the court references in its opinion an advertisement for the Harnois Theater in the Missoulian wherein Charles Harnois states that “he was the proprietor of and had the only theater in Missoula.”
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Here for your enjoyment and edification is an excerpt from the opinion, which contains graphic descriptions of the actions with which Mr. Penny was charged:



“Uncle Charlie” Harnois (1856-1941)

Emma and Charles Harnois circa 1890 (above) and circa 1930 (below)

“Uncle Charlie” Harnois was a well-known and beloved figure in and around Missoula as the 19th century turned into the 20th.   At that time, he’d already established a long and colorful history in Montana.

In 1875, Missouri resident Charles Albert Harnois (b. October 31, 1856) joined the great westward migration by getting a job as cabin boy on the Josephine, a steamboat that traveled the Missouri River from Yankton, South Dakota to Fort Benton, Montana (the main pre-railroad route from the east to the Montana gold fields). During this period he married wife Emma and the 1880 census show the couple and their two boys claiming residence in North Dakota.

Charlie moved the family to Montana shortly after the 1880 census was taken, first to the gold camp Maiden where he ran a very successful restaurant, and later to Helena, where a third son was added to the family. When the Northern Pacific railroad arrived in 1883, he got a job as an on-board news agent.  He moved the family to Missoula in 1888 when the Bitterroot Branch of the line was nearing completion.

A small slight man, who had to buy his clothing in the boy’s department of the Missoula Mercantile, Charlie started a local business hawking newspapers and posting advertising bills.  Seen whipping around town on a horse-drawn, paper-laden logging sled, Uncle Charlie was instantly recognizable on the streets of Missoula.  He was so popular and successful, he soon expanded his advertising endeavors to Helena, Butte and Anaconda.

The Harnois home (circa 1930)

The Harnois home (circa 1930)


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In 1889 the Harnois family bought land in the newly platted Knowles subdivision and, by 1890, they’d built one of the first houses located on the south side of the Missoula River.  (Owing to Charlie’s later success in the theater business, the small one and a half story folk Victorian with a stable in back was substantially enlarged around 1907 by adding an east wing, octagonal tower and front veranda.  The home still stands at 519 South 3rd Street West.)

Throughout the 1890s, Charlie traveled the western part of the state doing his advertising gig, which seems to have eventually landed him jobs in the theater business in Helena and Butte.  Indeed, the family must have moved to Butte for a time, for the census of 1900 show them living there.

Perhaps tired of his peripatetic lifestyle, Charlie finally settled his family down in Missoula just after the turn of the century, taking over management of the Bennett theater.  Later he invested in and managed the Union theater.  Flat broke after the latter burned, local friends and investors in 1909 built him his own grand new playhouse, the Harnois Theater, named for their beloved Uncle Charlie. All three sons also worked at the Harnois in various capacities.

Charlie ran the Harnois until 1914 when, perhaps seeing the handwriting on the wall for light opera and vaudeville acts as feature length movies made their debut, he sold the theater and moved his whole family to the warm climes of Santa Ana, California.  For many years, he owned and operated a book and curio store there, but remained ever nostalgic for Missoula and his days on the Montana frontier. Uncle Charlie passed away in 1941.

Missoulian June 5, 1941

The Harnois Theater / Liberty Theater / Liberty Lanes (1909 – circa 1965)

Harnois Theater around 1910

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A virtually lost piece of Missoula History was the Harnois Theater.  Located in what is now a parking lot in the 200 block of East Main, it was built in 1909 for local impressario, Charles Harnois.  Designed by architect A.J. Gibson with the interior décor completed by the Twin City Scenic Studio, Missoula’s premier opera house of the era was comprised of three floors with nine exits, seated up to 1200 people and housed a 58 feet wide, 35 feet deep and 65 feet high stage.

Unfortunately, the theater was built just as feature length movies were about to hit the country. Mr. Harnois soon realized Missoula’s taste for this new entertainment would eclipse its desire for vaudeville and light opera, and therefore sold out in 1914.  The new owners changed the name to the Missoula Theater and, by the early 1920s the building, now a well established movie house, had been renamed the Liberty Theater.  By the early 1940s, the theater had closed and the Harnois was converted to Liberty Lanes, a bowling alley.  When Liberty Lanes moved to new quarters in the 1960s, the building was razed.

A curious side note: the theater was tangentially involved in an important piece of the history of the struggle for civil liberties.  Shortly after it opened, Harnois rented the basement to Elizabeth Gurley Flynn and Jack Jones of the IWW (the Wobblies).  From there, Flynn and Jones orchestrated the IWW’s first free-speech battle using non-violent civil disobedience.

The city had passed an ordinance disallowing the IWW from broadcasting its positions to the public through the mouths of streetcorner soapbox speakers. Accordingly, hundreds of supporters from across the northwest were called upon to ride the rails to Missoula to exercise their right to speak publicly.  So many came to speak and be arrested that the city and county jails were clogged for weeks.  The city’s resources stretched to the breaking point, it finally had to back down and repeal the ordinance.

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